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How and why does vernacular art become foreign? What does 'Greek manner' mean in regions far beyond the Mediterranean? What stories do images need? How do narratives shape pictures? The study addresses these questions in Byzantine paintings from the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania, contextualized with evidence from Poland, Serbia, Russia, and Italy. The research follows developments in artistic practices and the reception of these images, as well as distinguishing between the Greek manner - based on visual qualities - and the style favoured by the devout, sustained by cults and altered through stories.

Art, Byzantine --- History. --- Influence. --- Byzantine art --- Art, Medieval --- Christian art and symbolism --- Greek manner, Byzantine art, Morava School, Catholic Church, visual experience, verbal expression, confessionalism, Middle Ages, Early Modern period, Eastern Europe. --- Kunst --- Kulturvermittlung --- Byzantinisches Reich --- Polen --- Litauen --- Kulturtransfer --- Kulturbeziehungen --- Kulturkontakt --- Kulturaustausch --- Bildende Kunst --- Kunstdenkmal --- Künste --- Kunstwerk --- Lithuania --- Lietuvos Respublika --- République Lithuanienne --- Lithuanie --- Litva --- Litovskaja Respublika --- Republik Litauen --- Republic of Lithuania --- Lithuanian Republic --- Litauische Republik --- Lietuva --- Litauer --- Litovskaja Gubernija --- Litauische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik --- XX.XX.1918-02.10.1940 --- 06.09.1991 --- -Generalgouvernement Polen --- Polska --- Rzeczpospolita Polska --- Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa --- Poland --- Pologne --- République Polonaise --- Generalne Gubernatorstwo w Polsce --- Polish People's Republic --- Polska Rzeczpospolita --- PRL --- RP --- Besetzte Polnische Gebiete --- Besetztes Gebiet in Polen --- Okupowane Polskie Obszary --- Obszary Okupowane w Polsce --- Volksrepublik Polen --- Polska Rosyjska --- Republic Polen --- Respublika Pol'ša --- Pol'skaja Narodnaja Respublika --- République de Pologne --- Polen Links der Weichsel --- Polska po Lewej Stronie Wisły --- Lenkija --- Polija --- Gubernija Carstva Pol'skago --- Republik Polen --- Kongresspolen --- Westgalizien --- 1918 --- -Oströmisches Reich --- Reich Byzanz --- Imperium Byzantium --- Imperium Byzantinum --- Ostrom --- Rhomaioi --- Romäer --- 395-1453 --- Art, Byzantine.

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Civilization, Modern --- Civilization. --- Civilization, Modern. --- Kultur --- Poland --- Poland. --- Polen --- Civilization --- Modern civilization --- Modernity --- Barbarism --- Civilisation --- Generalgouvernement Polen --- Polska --- Rzeczpospolita Polska --- Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa --- Pologne --- République Polonaise --- Generalne Gubernatorstwo w Polsce --- Polish People's Republic --- Polska Rzeczpospolita --- PRL --- RP --- Besetzte Polnische Gebiete --- Besetztes Gebiet in Polen --- Okupowane Polskie Obszary --- Obszary Okupowane w Polsce --- Volksrepublik Polen --- Polska Rosyjska --- Republic Polen --- Respublika Pol'ša --- Pol'skaja Narodnaja Respublika --- République de Pologne --- Polen Links der Weichsel --- Polska po Lewej Stronie Wisły --- Lenkija --- Polija --- Gubernija Carstva Pol'skago --- Republik Polen --- 1939-1945 --- Būlūniyā --- Congress Kingdom of Poland --- Congress Poland --- Kingdom of Poland --- Kongresówka --- Królestwo Kongresowe Polskie --- Królestwo Polskie --- Lahistān --- Lehastan --- P.N.R. --- P.R.L. --- PNR --- Polin --- Polish Commonwealth --- Polish Republic --- Poljska --- Polonia --- Polonyah --- Polʹsha --- Polʹskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Polsko --- Poyln --- Ppolsŭkka --- Republic of Poland --- République populaire de Pologne --- T︠S︡arstvo Polʹskoe --- Warsaw --- Kulturphilosophie --- Zivilisation --- Renaissance --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Culture --- A' Phòlainn --- An Pholainn --- Borandi --- Bu̇gėdė Naĭramdakha Polʹsho Ulas --- Būland --- Būlūniy --- Bupolska --- Bupoolo --- Commonwealth of Poland --- Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania --- General Government for Occupied Polish Territories --- Gweriniaeth Gwlad Pwyl --- Gwlad Pwyl --- IPoland --- IPolandi --- Kunngiitsuuffik Poleni --- Lehastani Hanrapetutʻyun --- Lengyel Köztársaság --- Lengyelország --- Lenkijos Respublika --- Lýðveldið Pólland --- Pho-lân --- Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok --- Pholainn --- Pholynn --- Pô-làn --- Poalen --- Pobblaght ny Polynn --- Poblachd na Pòlainn --- Poblacht na Polainne --- Poin --- Polaki --- Polaland --- Polandia --- Pōlani --- Pole --- Poleni --- Polijas Republika --- Polisce Cynewise --- Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth --- Pólland --- Pollando --- P'olland --- Polóña --- Poloni --- Poloniako Errepublika --- Polonie --- Polonya --- Polonye --- Poloonya --- Polòy --- Polşa --- Polşa Respublikası --- Polsca --- Polʹsha Mastor --- Polʹshæ --- Polʹshæĭy Respublikæ --- Polʹshcha --- Polsh --- Polʹshin Orn --- Polʹsho --- Polská republika --- Polʹskai͡a Narodnai͡a Respublika --- Polskas --- Pòlskô Repùblika --- Pol'šu --- Poola --- Poola Vabariik --- Pulandia --- Pulógna --- Puluña --- Puoleja --- Puolejis Republika --- Repubblica di Polonia --- República de Polonia --- Republica de Polsca --- Republiek van Pole --- Republik Pole --- Republika Poljska --- Republika Polsha --- Republiḳat Polin --- Republikken Polen --- Repúbrica de Poloña --- Rėspublika Polʹshcha --- Respubliko Pollando --- Ripablik kya Bupoolo --- Ripublik Pulandia --- Ripublika Puluña --- Tavakuairetã Polóña --- T͡Sarstvo Polʹskoe --- Warsaw (Duchy) --- Yn Pholynn --- Europe --- Kongresspolen --- Westgalizien --- 1918 --- -Civilization --- -1939-1945

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This memoir is about a Jewish baby born in the Krakow ghetto in November 1942, three years after Hitler conquered Poland, and, remarkably, escaping death-one of a mere one half of one percent of Jewish children in Poland who survived during the Nazi era. Her life was saved because her parents hid her with a Catholic family. Just as remarkably, her mother, still alive after suffering terribly through four of Hitler's camps, traveled for weeks back to Poland and found her again. The book also depicts the author's postwar challenges in Germany and America.

Holocaust survivors --- Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) --- Bedford-Stuyvesant. --- Displaced Persons. --- Ellis Island. --- European Jews. --- Holocaust. --- Krakow Ghetto. --- Polish Jews. --- antisemitism. --- child survivors. --- hidden children and the Holocaust. --- immigration to America. --- miracle child. --- Epstein, Anita --- 1939-1945 --- Poland. --- Polen --- Künstler, Anna --- Kriegsopfer --- Krakau --- 1942 --- -Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) --- World War II Period --- Generalgouvernement Polen --- Polska --- Rzeczpospolita Polska --- Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa --- Poland --- Pologne --- République Polonaise --- Generalne Gubernatorstwo w Polsce --- Polish People's Republic --- Polska Rzeczpospolita --- PRL --- RP --- Besetzte Polnische Gebiete --- Besetztes Gebiet in Polen --- Okupowane Polskie Obszary --- Obszary Okupowane w Polsce --- Volksrepublik Polen --- Polska Rosyjska --- Republic Polen --- Respublika Pol'ša --- Pol'skaja Narodnaja Respublika --- République de Pologne --- Polen Links der Weichsel --- Polska po Lewej Stronie Wisły --- Lenkija --- Polija --- Gubernija Carstva Pol'skago --- Republik Polen --- Kongresspolen --- Westgalizien --- 1918 --- -1939-1945 --- A' Phòlainn --- An Pholainn --- Borandi --- Bu̇gėdė Naĭramdakha Polʹsho Ulas --- Būland --- Būlūniy --- Bupolska --- Bupoolo --- Commonwealth of Poland --- Congress Kingdom of Poland --- Congress Poland --- Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania --- General Government for Occupied Polish Territories --- Gweriniaeth Gwlad Pwyl --- Gwlad Pwyl --- IPoland --- IPolandi --- Kingdom of Poland --- Kongresówka --- Królestwo Kongresowe Polskie --- Królestwo Polskie --- Kunngiitsuuffik Poleni --- Lahistān --- Lehastan --- Lehastani Hanrapetutʻyun --- Lengyel Köztársaság --- Lengyelország --- Lenkijos Respublika --- Lýðveldið Pólland --- P.N.R. --- P.R.L. --- Pho-lân --- Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok --- Pholainn --- Pholynn --- PNR --- Pô-làn --- Poalen --- Pobblaght ny Polynn --- Poblachd na Pòlainn --- Poblacht na Polainne --- Poin --- Polaki --- Polaland --- Polandia --- Pōlani --- Pole --- Poleni --- Polijas Republika --- Polin --- Polisce Cynewise --- Polish Commonwealth --- Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth --- Polish Republic --- Poljska --- Pólland --- Pollando --- P'olland --- Polóña --- Poloni --- Polonia --- Poloniako Errepublika --- Polonie --- Polonya --- Polonyah --- Polonye --- Poloonya --- Polòy --- Polşa --- Polşa Respublikası --- Polsca --- Polʹsha --- Polʹsha Mastor --- Polʹshæ --- Polʹshæĭy Respublikæ --- Polʹshcha --- Polsh --- Polʹshin Orn --- Polʹsho --- Polská republika --- Polʹskai͡a Narodnai͡a Respublika --- Polskas --- Polsko --- Pòlskô Repùblika --- Pol'šu --- Poola --- Poola Vabariik --- Poyln --- Ppolsŭkka --- Pulandia --- Pulógna --- Puluña --- Puoleja --- Puolejis Republika --- Repubblica di Polonia --- Republic of Poland --- República de Polonia --- Republica de Polsca --- Republiek van Pole --- Republik Pole --- Republika Poljska --- Republika Polsha --- Republiḳat Polin --- Republikken Polen --- République populaire de Pologne --- Repúbrica de Poloña --- Rėspublika Polʹshcha --- Respubliko Pollando --- Ripablik kya Bupoolo --- Ripublik Pulandia --- Ripublika Puluña --- Tavakuairetã Polóña --- T͡Sarstvo Polʹskoe --- Warsaw (Duchy) --- Yn Pholynn --- Europe

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Education --- Bildungswesen. --- Zeitschrift. --- Education. --- Periodicals. --- Polen. --- Poland. --- Arts and Humanities --- Education & Careers --- Periodicals --- Périodiques --- Bildungswesen --- Zeitschrift --- Polen --- Pedagogy --- Children --- Education of children --- Education, Primitive --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Periodikum --- Zeitschriften --- Presse --- Fortlaufendes Sammelwerk --- Erziehungswesen --- Bildungssystem --- 1939-1945 --- Būlūniyā --- Congress Kingdom of Poland --- Congress Poland --- Kingdom of Poland --- Kongresówka --- Królestwo Kongresowe Polskie --- Królestwo Polskie --- Lahistān --- Lehastan --- P.N.R. --- P.R.L. --- PNR --- Poland --- Polin --- Polish Commonwealth --- Polish People's Republic --- Polish Republic --- Poljska --- Pologne --- Polonia --- Polonyah --- Polʹsha --- Polska --- Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa --- Polʹskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Polsko --- Poyln --- Ppolsŭkka --- PRL --- Republic of Poland --- République populaire de Pologne --- Rzeczpospolita Polska --- T︠S︡arstvo Polʹskoe --- Warsaw --- Europe --- Generalgouvernement Polen --- République Polonaise --- Generalne Gubernatorstwo w Polsce --- Polska Rzeczpospolita --- RP --- Besetzte Polnische Gebiete --- Besetztes Gebiet in Polen --- Okupowane Polskie Obszary --- Obszary Okupowane w Polsce --- Volksrepublik Polen --- Polska Rosyjska --- Republic Polen --- Respublika Pol'ša --- Pol'skaja Narodnaja Respublika --- République de Pologne --- Polen Links der Weichsel --- Polska po Lewej Stronie Wisły --- Lenkija --- Polija --- Gubernija Carstva Pol'skago --- Republik Polen --- Kongresspolen --- Westgalizien --- 1918 --- -Education --- Būlūniy --- Polʹskai͡a Narodnai͡a Respublika --- T͡Sarstvo Polʹskoe --- Warsaw (Duchy) --- Pariser Friedenskonferenz --- Polish Delegation at the Peace Conference --- Délégation a la Conférence de la Paix --- Polska / Délégation a la Conférence de la Paix --- A' Phòlainn --- An Pholainn --- Borandi --- Bu̇gėdė Naĭramdakha Polʹsho Ulas --- Būland --- Bupolska --- Bupoolo --- Gweriniaeth Gwlad Pwyl --- Gwlad Pwyl --- IPoland --- IPolandi --- Kunngiitsuuffik Poleni --- Lehastani Hanrapetutʻyun --- Lengyel Köztársaság --- Lengyelország --- Lenkijos Respublika --- Lýðveldið Pólland --- Pho-lân --- Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok --- Pholainn --- Pholynn --- Pô-làn --- Poalen --- Pobblaght ny Polynn --- Poblachd na Pòlainn --- Poblacht na Polainne --- Poin --- Polaki --- Polaland --- Polandia --- Pōlani --- Pole --- Poleni --- Polijas Republika --- Polisce Cynewise --- Pólland --- Pollando --- P'olland --- Polóña --- Poloni --- Poloniako Errepublika --- Polonie --- Polonya --- Polonye --- Poloonya --- Polòy --- Polşa --- Polşa Respublikası --- Polsca --- Polʹsha Mastor --- Polʹshæ --- Polʹshæĭy Respublikæ --- Polʹshcha --- Polsh --- Polʹshin Orn --- Polʹsho --- Polská republika --- Polskas --- Pòlskô Repùblika --- Pol'šu --- Poola --- Poola Vabariik --- Pulandia --- Pulógna --- Puluña --- Puoleja --- Puolejis Republika --- Repubblica di Polonia --- República de Polonia --- Republica de Polsca --- Republiek van Pole --- Republik Pole --- Republika Poljska --- Republika Polsha --- Republiḳat Polin --- Republikken Polen --- Repúbrica de Poloña --- Rėspublika Polʹshcha --- Respubliko Pollando --- Ripablik kya Bupoolo --- Ripublik Pulandia --- Ripublika Puluña --- Tavakuairetã Polóña --- Yn Pholynn --- Commonwealth of Poland --- Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania --- Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth --- education --- pedagogy --- General Government for Occupied Polish Territories --- Délégation a la Conférence de la Paix --- Polska / Délégation a la Conférence de la Paix

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The book chronicles the evolution of the church's political power throughout Poland's unique history. Beginning in the tenth century, the study first details how Catholicism overcame early challenges in Poland, from converting the early polytheists to pushing back the Protestant Reformation half a millennium later. It continues into the dawn of the modern age—including the division of Poland between Prussia, Russia, and Austria between 1772 and 1795, the interwar years, the National Socialist occupation of World War Two, and the communist and post-war communist eras—during which The Church only half-correctly presented itself as a steadfast protector of Poles, with clergy members who either stood up to foreign authorities or collaborated with those same Nazi and Communist leaders. This study ends with a consideration of how the Church has taken advantage of the fall of communism to push its own social agenda, at times against the wishes of most Poles.

Political science. --- Catholic Church. --- Europe, Central --- Political theory. --- Europe --- Political Science and International Relations. --- European Politics. --- Politics and Religion. --- Political Theory. --- History of Germany and Central Europe. --- Catholicism. --- History. --- Politics and government. --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Europe-Politics and government. --- Religion and politics. --- Europe, Central-History. --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Political science --- Politics, Practical --- Politics and religion --- Religion --- Religions --- Religious aspects --- Political aspects --- Europe—Politics and government. --- Europe, Central—History. --- Catholic Church --- Katholische Kirche --- Poland. --- Polen --- Katolikus Egyház --- RCC --- Katoličeskaj Cerkovʹ --- Katoličke Cerkve --- Katolska Cyrkej --- Katolske Kirke --- Ecclesia Catholica --- Igreja Católica --- Römisch-Katholische Kirche --- Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Roman Catholic Church --- Eglise Catholique --- Eglise Catholique Romaine --- Chiesa Cattolica --- Katholieke Kerk --- Iglesia Católica --- Katolické Církve --- Kościoł Katolicki --- Katoličke Crkve --- Eglise catholique romaine --- Chiesa cattolica romana --- Roman catholic Church --- Eglise catholique --- Römische Kirche --- Kirche --- Katholizismus --- Unierte Ostkirchen --- Chiesa cattolica --- Church of Rome --- Eglise catholique-romaine --- Gereja Katolik --- Kanisa Katoliki --- Katolicheskai͡a t͡serkovʹ --- Katolicki Kościół --- Katolyt͡sʹka t͡serkva --- Kenesiyah ha-Ḳatolit --- Kościół Katolicki --- Kościół Rzymskokatolicki --- Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai --- Katolyt︠s︡ʹka t︠s︡erkva --- Katolicheskai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- כנסיה הקתולית --- כנסייה הקתולית --- 가톨릭교 --- 천주교 --- Generalgouvernement Polen --- Polska --- Rzeczpospolita Polska --- Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa --- Poland --- Pologne --- République Polonaise --- Generalne Gubernatorstwo w Polsce --- Polish People's Republic --- Polska Rzeczpospolita --- PRL --- RP --- Besetzte Polnische Gebiete --- Besetztes Gebiet in Polen --- Okupowane Polskie Obszary --- Obszary Okupowane w Polsce --- Volksrepublik Polen --- Polska Rosyjska --- Republic Polen --- Respublika Pol'ša --- Pol'skaja Narodnaja Respublika --- République de Pologne --- Polen Links der Weichsel --- Polska po Lewej Stronie Wisły --- Lenkija --- Polija --- Gubernija Carstva Pol'skago --- Republik Polen --- Kongresspolen --- Westgalizien --- 1918 --- -1939-1945 --- A' Phòlainn --- An Pholainn --- Borandi --- Bu̇gėdė Naĭramdakha Polʹsho Ulas --- Būland --- Būlūniy --- Bupolska --- Bupoolo --- Commonwealth of Poland --- Congress Kingdom of Poland --- Congress Poland --- Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania --- General Government for Occupied Polish Territories --- Gweriniaeth Gwlad Pwyl --- Gwlad Pwyl --- IPoland --- IPolandi --- Kingdom of Poland --- Kongresówka --- Królestwo Kongresowe Polskie --- Królestwo Polskie --- Kunngiitsuuffik Poleni --- Lahistān --- Lehastan --- Lehastani Hanrapetutʻyun --- Lengyel Köztársaság --- Lengyelország --- Lenkijos Respublika --- Lýðveldið Pólland --- P.N.R. --- P.R.L. --- Pho-lân --- Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok --- Pholainn --- Pholynn --- PNR --- Pô-làn --- Poalen --- Pobblaght ny Polynn --- Poblachd na Pòlainn --- Poblacht na Polainne --- Poin --- Polaki --- Polaland --- Polandia --- Pōlani --- Pole --- Poleni --- Polijas Republika --- Polin --- Polisce Cynewise --- Polish Commonwealth --- Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth --- Polish Republic --- Poljska --- Pólland --- Pollando --- P'olland --- Polóña --- Poloni --- Polonia --- Poloniako Errepublika --- Polonie --- Polonya --- Polonyah --- Polonye --- Poloonya --- Polòy --- Polşa --- Polşa Respublikası --- Polsca --- Polʹsha --- Polʹsha Mastor --- Polʹshæ --- Polʹshæĭy Respublikæ --- Polʹshcha --- Polsh --- Polʹshin Orn --- Polʹsho --- Polská republika --- Polʹskai͡a Narodnai͡a Respublika --- Polskas --- Polsko --- Pòlskô Repùblika --- Pol'šu --- Poola --- Poola Vabariik --- Poyln --- Ppolsŭkka --- Pulandia --- Pulógna --- Puluña --- Puoleja --- Puolejis Republika --- Repubblica di Polonia --- Republic of Poland --- República de Polonia --- Republica de Polsca --- Republiek van Pole --- Republik Pole --- Republika Poljska --- Republika Polsha --- Republiḳat Polin --- Republikken Polen --- République populaire de Pologne --- Repúbrica de Poloña --- Rėspublika Polʹshcha --- Respubliko Pollando --- Ripablik kya Bupoolo --- Ripublik Pulandia --- Ripublika Puluña --- Tavakuairetã Polóña --- T͡Sarstvo Polʹskoe --- Warsaw (Duchy) --- Yn Pholynn --- Gay culture Europe